health, weight and physical activity patterns of all 31.7 million American children now aged 8 to 11, using…

Questão

health, weight and physical activity patterns of all 31.7 million American children now aged 8 to 11, using large-scale databases from the Census Bureau, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other groups. The researchers fed this information into a computerized modeling program that created an electronic avatar for every American child today. In line with reality, two-thirds of these children were programmed to rarely exercise and many were overweight or obese. The scientists then had the simulated children grow up. Using estimations about how calorie intake and activity patterns affect body weight, the program changed each virtual child’s body day-by-day and year-by-year into adulthood. Most became increasingly overweight. As the simulated children became adults, the scientists then modeled each one’s health, based on obesity-associated risks for heart disease, diabetes, stroke and cancer, and also the probable financial price of dealing with those diseases (adjusted for future inflation), both in terms of direct expenses for hospitalizations, drugs and so on, and lost productivity because of someone’s being ill. The results were staggering. According to the computer model, the costs of today’s 8- to 11-year-olds being inactive and consequently overweight would be almost $3 trillion in medical expenses and lost productivity every year once the children reached adulthood and for decades until their deaths. But when the researchers tweaked children’s activity levels within their model, the numbers began to look quite different. If they presumed that, in an imaginary America, half of all children exercised vigorously for about 25 minutes three times a week, such as during active recess or sports or, more ambitiously, ran around and moved for at least an hour every day, which is the amount of youth exercise recommended by the C.D.C., their virtual lives were transformed. Most obviously, the incidence of childhood obesity fell by more than 4 percent, a change that resonated throughout the simulated children’s lives and society. There were about half a million fewer cases of adult-onset heart disease, diabetes, cancer and strokes in this simulation, and the society-wide costs associated with these illnesses dropped by about $32 billion every year if the children romped about for 25 minutes three times per week and by almost $37 billion if they moved for an hour every day. The impacts were even more substantial when the researchers assumed that 100 percent of the children who are now sedentary got regular exercise. In this scenario, the annual total costs during adulthood from obesity-associated medical expenses and lost productivity plummeted by about $62 billion when children were active three times a week and by more than $120 billion every year when all of the virtual children played and moved for at least an hour each day. According to the text, the lack of exercise in childhood years is associated with very early health problems such as (UECE 2017)

1. A) obesity and type 2 diabetes.
2. B) heart conditions and respiratory diseases.
3. C) cancer and depression.
4. D) diabetes and lungs conditions.

✅ Resposta correta: alternativa A

Resolução passo a passo

1. O texto trata de crianças de 8 a 11 anos que quase não praticam exercícios, chamadas de sedentárias. Passo 2: Ele afirma que a inatividade torna as crianças acima do peso e obesas, e que a obesidade infantil cai com mais exercício, em mais de 4 por cento. Passo 3: As doenças associadas à obesidade citadas no texto são doenças cardíacas, diabetes, derrames e câncer, que aparecem na vida adulta. Passo 4: Entre as alternativas, a única que combina um problema de saúde ligado à infância no texto (obesidade) com uma doença citada no texto (diabetes) é a A. Passo 5: A alternativa B está errada porque doenças respiratórias não são mencionadas no texto. A alternativa C está errada porque depressão não aparece no texto. A alternativa D está errada porque doenças pulmonares não são citadas. Passo 6: Ressalva: o texto fala em diabetes de modo geral, não especificamente do tipo 2, e as doenças citadas surgem na vida adulta, não como problemas muito precoces; a resposta exige alguma interpretação, mas é a melhor opção disponível. Concordo com o gabarito oficial A.

💡 Dica: Leia atentamente o texto para identificar as consequências da falta de exercício na infância.

Alternativa por alternativa

Raio-X da questão

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