TEXT Dr. Melissa Li is a pathologist who specializes in gastrointestinal and autopsy pathology at Providence…

Questão

TEXT Dr. Melissa Li is a pathologist who specializes in gastrointestinal and autopsy pathology at Providence St. Vincent Medical Center in Portland, Ore. She contributed this article to Live Science's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights. In mid-February, a committee of top U.S. government scientists and nutritionists presented recommendations for the latest U.S. Dietary Guidelines. They concluded that a diet "higher in plant-based foods ... and lower in animal-based foods is more health-promoting and is associated with lesser environmental impact." While those findings aren't news to many working in medicine and nutrition, the report represents a shift in what the government may recommend to the American public in the soon-to-be revised U.S. Dietary Guidelines. And that's a good thing. As a pathologist, I see disease daily in biopsies, resections and autopsies. When patients provide me with medical histories, it saddens me to see a litany of illnesses — heart disease , cancer, diabetes, obesity and stroke — that are largely preventable through diet. Simply reducing the amount of meat, eggs and dairy we eat has a profound effect on health, yet, instead, patients take a laundry list of drugs to battle their chronic diseases. As a nation, we pour billions of dollars into treating the symptoms of disease and far less into preventing them. Eating more plant-based meals and less meat has helped prevent and reverse heart disease, and reduce the risk of diabetes, some cancers and obesity. Those findings were supported just weeks ago, at a meeting of the American Heart Association, when researchers released results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, which started in 1992. The lead researcher, Camille Lassale of Imperial College London, concluded, "A pro-vegetarian diet that emphasizes a higher proportion of plant-based foods compared to animal-based foods may help lower the risks of dying from heart disease and stroke by up to 20 percent." Such diets lead to fewer animals bred and confined on factory farms, as well as a lighter footprint on the environment, with subsequently decreased greenhouse gas emissions. Moving to a more plant-based diet also helps conserve precious natural resources like water and oil. And it helps reduce pollution, as waste from factory farms has contributed to a number of environmental disasters. The good news is plant-based eating is becoming more and more mainstream, with well-known public health organizations like the American Heart Association, Defeat Diabetes Foundation, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, and hospitals — like the one where I work, Providence St. Vincent — recommending people eat a more plant-based diet. I am seeing that physicians with whom I collaborate on autopsies are now following this advice. For example, my colleagues in neurology who treat patients with neurodegenerative disorders are advocating plant based diets to prevent Alzheimer's disease. One way we support those recommendations at our hospital is by easing patients into eating more plant-based meals with Meatless Monday. That approach is gaining in popularity at thousands of hospitals, as well as at some of the largest school districts in the country (including in Los Angeles, Detroit and Houston), and at universities like Portland State, Oregon State University, Western Oregon University, and many more. It can be as simple as swapping out chicken nuggets with a bean burrito...

1. A) policies changed and a lot has been invested in prevention.
2. B) the nation still spends much more on treatment than on prevention.
3. C) the money spent on preventing and treating diseases is the same.
4. D) a lot of money has been invested on prevention, but not on public policies.

✅ Resposta correta: alternativa B

Resolução passo a passo

1. O enunciado não aparece na íntegra, então assumo que a pergunta pede o que o autor afirma sobre os investimentos em prevenção e tratamento de doenças. Resolvi a partir do texto, sem me apoiar no gabarito. Passo 2: O autor escreve que, como nação, gastamos bilhões de dólares em tratar os sintomas das doenças e muito menos em preveni-las (far less into preventing them). Passo 3: A ideia central é um desequilíbrio: o tratamento recebe muito mais dinheiro do que a prevenção, e o autor defende uma mudança nesse quadro. Passo 4: Portanto, a alternativa correta é a B, que afirma que a nação ainda gasta muito mais com tratamento do que com prevenção. Passo 5: A alternativa A está errada, pois o texto diz que o relatório representa uma mudança prevista e desejada, e não uma mudança já consolidada, além de não haver afirmação de grande investimento em prevenção. A alternativa C está errada, pois o texto contrasta explicitamente bilhões em tratamento com muito menos em prevenção, indicando gastos desiguais. A alternativa D está errada, pois inverte a informação: o texto critica o pouco investimento em prevenção, e não afirma que muito dinheiro foi investido nela.

💡 Dica: Leia atentamente o texto para compreender os benefícios da dieta baseada em plantas.

Alternativa por alternativa

Raio-X da questão

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