health, weight and physical activity patterns of all 31.7 million American children now aged 8 to 11, using…

Questão

health, weight and physical activity patterns of all 31.7 million American children now aged 8 to 11, using large-scale databases from the Census Bureau, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other groups. The researchers fed this information into a computerized modeling program that created an electronic avatar for every American child today. In line with reality, two-thirds of these children were programmed to rarely exercise and many were overweight or obese. The scientists then had the simulated children grow up. Using estimations about how calorie intake and activity patterns affect body weight, the program changed each virtual child’s body day-by-day and year-by-year into adulthood. Most became increasingly overweight. As the simulated children became adults, the scientists then modeled each one’s health, based on obesity-associated risks for heart disease, diabetes, stroke and cancer, and also the probable financial price of dealing with those diseases (adjusted for future inflation), both in terms of direct expenses for hospitalizations, drugs and so on, and lost productivity because of someone’s being ill. The results were staggering. According to the computer model, the costs of today’s 8- to 11-year-olds being inactive and consequently overweight would be almost $3 trillion in medical expenses and lost productivity every year once the children reached adulthood and for decades until their deaths. But when the researchers tweaked children’s activity levels within their model, the numbers began to look quite different. If they presumed that, in an imaginary America, half of all children exercised vigorously for about 25 minutes three times a week, such as during active recess or sports or, more ambitiously, ran around and moved for at least an hour every day, which is the amount of youth exercise recommended by the C.D.C., their virtual lives were transformed. Most obviously, the incidence of childhood obesity fell by more than 4 percent, a change that resonated throughout the simulated children’s lives and society. There were about half a million fewer cases of adult-onset heart disease, diabetes, cancer and strokes in this simulation, and the society-wide costs associated with these illnesses dropped by about $32 billion every year if the children romped about for 25 minutes three times per week and by almost $37 billion if they moved for an hour every day. The impacts were even more substantial when the researchers assumed that 100 percent of the children who are now sedentary got regular exercise. In this scenario, the annual total costs during adulthood from obesity-associated medical expenses and lost productivity plummeted by about $62 billion when children were active three times a week and by more than $120 billion every year when all of the virtual children played and moved for at least an hour each day. The new study conducted in the US linking the lack of children’s physical activity and the huge expenses in the coming years was carried out with data about children (UECE 2017)

1. A) who are in the age group 8 to 11.
2. B) whose parents are overweight.
3. C) whose families lead sedentary lives.
4. D) who never take part in sports.

✅ Resposta correta: alternativa A

Resolução passo a passo

1. O enunciado diz que o estudo usou dados de todas as 31,7 milhões de crianças americanas hoje com 8 a 11 anos, obtidos de grandes bases de dados do Census Bureau, do CDC e de outros grupos. Passo 2: Portanto, a informação que completa corretamente o trecho é a alternativa A, que descreve exatamente a faixa etária das crianças estudadas. Passo 3: A alternativa B está errada, pois o texto não menciona o peso ou a condição dos pais das crianças como critério ou dado do estudo. Passo 4: A alternativa C está errada, pois o texto fala de crianças pouco ativas (sedentárias), mas não diz que a amostra foi organizada por família. Passo 5: A alternativa D está errada, pois a participação em esportes aparece no texto apenas como exemplo de exercício usado em uma simulação, e não como critério de seleção dos dados. Passo 6: Resolvendo a questão sem olhar o gabarito, cheguei à alternativa A, o que coincide com o gabarito oficial.

💡 Dica: Leia atentamente o texto para compreender a relação entre atividade física e custos futuros.

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