Hundreds of studies have assessed leadership styles, mainly by having employees report on how their managers…

Questão

Hundreds of studies have assessed leadership styles, mainly by having employees report on how their managers typically behave. Researchers have also collected information on how effective managers are. After large numbers of such studies became available, reviewers aggregated them quantitatively to discover what kinds of leadership are effective. One conclusion that has emerged based on the research of the past 30 years is that a hybrid style known as transformational leadership is highly effective in most contemporary organizational contexts. A transformational leader acts as an inspirational role model, motivates others to go beyond the confines of their job descriptions, encourages creativity and innovation, fosters good human relationships, and develops the skills of followers. This type of leadership is effective because it fosters strong interpersonal bonds based on a leader’s charisma and consideration of others. These bonds enable leaders to promote high-quality performance by encouraging workers rather than threatening them, thus motivating them to exceed basic expectations. By bringing out the best in others, transformational leaders enhance the performance of groups and organizations. Transformational leadership is androgynous because it incorporates culturally masculine and feminine behaviors. This androgynous mixing of the masculine and feminine means that skill in this contemporary way of leading does not necessarily come naturally. It may require some effort and thought. Men often have to work on their social skills and women on being assertive enough to inspire others. It is nonetheless clear that both women and men can adapt to the demands of leadership in the transformational mode. One of the surprises of research on transformational leadership is that female managers are somewhat more transformational than male managers. In particular, they exceed men in their attention to human relationships. Also, in delivering incentives, women lean toward a more positive, reward-based approach and men toward a more negative and less effective, threat-based approach. In these respects, women appear to be better leaders than men, despite the double standard that can close women out of these roles. Why are women leaders more transformational when they are less likely to become leaders in the first place? One reason is that the double standard that slows women’s rise would work against mediocre women while allowing mediocre men to rise. As a consequence, the women who attain leadership roles really are better than the men on average. It is also true women generally avoid more domineering, “command and control” behavior because of the backlash they receive if they lead in this way. Men can often get away with autocratic behavior that is roundly disliked in women. Ironically, this backlash against domineering women may foster good leadership because the androgynous middle ground is more likely to bring success. Leaders gain less from ordering others about than from forming teams of smart, motivated collaborators who together figure out how to solve problems and get work done. From: http://www.nytimes.com/ 2013/03/20 As to the leadership pattern that requires attitudes based on features of both male and female behaviors, one may infer that it (UECE 2013)

1. A) is the easiest way, for it is what someone would normally do.
2. B) brings satisfaction to people under command, but not to the leader.
3. C) leads managers to avoid it because of prejudice.
4. D) makes leaders reflect and struggle to become skillful in this way of leading.

✅ Resposta correta: alternativa D

Resolução passo a passo

1. A questão pergunta o que se pode inferir sobre o padrão de liderança que exige atitudes baseadas em características dos comportamentos masculinos e femininos, ou seja, a liderança transformacional descrita como androgina. Passo 2: O texto afirma que essa forma de liderança 'não necessariamente vem naturalmente' e que 'pode exigir algum esforço e reflexão'. Passo 3: Logo, a alternativa D, que diz que essa liderança faz os líderes refletirem e se esforçarem para se tornar hábeis nesse modo de liderar, é a inferência correta. Passo 4: A alternativa A está errada, pois o texto diz justamente o contrário: não é o caminho mais fácil nem o que alguém faria naturalmente. Passo 5: A alternativa B está errada, pois o texto afirma que o estilo transformacional melhora o desempenho de grupos e organizações e cria vínculos com os seguidores, não que beneficie apenas os subordinados. Passo 6: A alternativa C está errada, pois o preconceito é mencionado como barreira que afasta mulheres de papéis de liderança, e não como motivo para gestores evitarem a liderança androgina. Passo 7: Gabarito oficial D confirmado pela resolução independente.

💡 Dica: Leia atentamente o texto para identificar características da liderança transformacional.

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